Silicon dioxide is not only an inert carrier in heterogeneous catalysis, but novel silicon dioxide structures can be constructed, and surface chemistry can be controlled through nanochemistry, which can directly affect the activity, selectivity, and stability of catalytic reactions. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is widely used as a carrier for various heterogeneous catalysts due to its rich content, low cost, and high specific surface area. In addition to mesoporous and microporous silica, traditional silica has long been considered an inert carrier for dispersing active metals or exploring the reaction mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis. However, some studies in recent years have found that functionalized silica can directly regulate the performance of catalysts. For example, strategies such as modifying the surface group charge of silica and controlling wettability, designing the interface between active metals and silica, utilizing the optical effect of silica, constructing strong interactions between silica and active metals, and designing the core-shell structure of silica can effectively improve the performance of catalysts.
New Applications of Silicon Dioxide in Heterogeneous Catalysis
The author summarized that silica is an inert carrier in heterogeneous catalysis and affects catalytic performance through its structure and chemical manipulation. They comprehensively summarized some common control strategies, including the optical effect of silica, as well as some new phenomena that have not been noticed in the past: the insulation effect in photothermal catalysis, its defects can directly serve as active centers for carbon dioxide reduction reactions As a precursor of zero-valent silicon nano catalytic structures. At the same time, to further promote the development of silicon-based catalysts, the author looks forward to the prospects and challenges of development in this field.
The optical effect of silica
A series of ideal mesoporous silica morphologies can be obtained through the self-assembly synthesis of surfactants and silicates, a promising strategy for synthesizing multifunctional mesoporous silica. This unique curved shape, rather than a simple spherical shape, provides more possibilities for adjusting multiphase catalysts’ electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. Studying the micro-dynamics determined by mesoporous silica’s size, morphology, and aggregate structure is also meaningful.
The application of nano silicon powder
One of the major biomedical applications of nano silica is as a vehicle for drug delivery via eye drops, intravenous injection, oral tablets, or pulmonary inhalation routes.
In textiles, nano silicon can reflect ultraviolet light, resist aging, increase weather resistance, increase strength, and other effects. After testing, it was found that the fiber contains nano silicon that can reflect 75% of 400nm wavelength ultraviolet radiation, and nano silicon below 100nm has antibacterial and deodorizing effects.
In epoxy resin, nanosilicon enhances the properties of acid and alkali resistance, chemical stability, high-temperature resistance, surface hardness, scratch resistance, waterproofing, insulation, etc. Adding less than 20% of nano silicon can double the product’s strength, reducing resin usage and production costs.
In rubber silicone modification: Nano silicon is a product reinforcing agent specifically designed for rubber silicone modification. Because of pure rubber’s low performance, it is unsuitable for many scenarios and needs to be filled with modified nanosilicon to enhance its reinforcement performance. Controlling the amount of nano silicon used can increase properties such as hardness, temperature resistance, wear resistance, insulation, and dielectric properties.
In coatings: Nano silicon micro powder increases substrate adhesion and film hardness in coatings, paints, primers, and topcoats, preventing surface warping, enhancing corrosion resistance, penetration resistance, self-cleaning, high-temperature resistance, waterproofing, UV resistance, scratch resistance, and other effects. After filling, it can be suspended in the paint film for a long time without affecting transparency, preventing the paint from turning yellow.
Ceramic field: In concrete and refractory materials, silicon micro powder is added to special refractory materials to form a multi-layer protective layer during oxidation, which has good mechanical properties and high-temperature oxidation resistance. After adding ultrafine silicon powder to special refractory materials, their flowability, sintering ability, bonding ability, and filling porosity performance are all improved to varying degrees, improving structural density and strength, reducing material wear rate, and enhancing corrosion resistance.
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